Structures of the Zika Virus Envelope Protein and Its Complex with a Flavivirus Broadly Protective Antibody. Protective immunity spectrum induced by immunization with a vaccine from the TBEV strain Sofjin. Hum Vaccin Immunother, 9, 26-49.Ĭhernokhaeva, L.L., Rogova, Y.V., Vorovitch, M.F., Romanova, L., Kozlovskaya, L.I., Maikova, G.B., Kholodilov, I.S.,Karganova, G.G., 2016. Plant-derived virus-like particles as vaccines. Zika virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccine. Tick-borne encephalitis:A review of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and management. Human CD4+ T Helper Cell Responses after Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccination and Infection. A DNA immunization model study with constructs expressing the tick-borne encephalitis virus envelope protein E in different physical forms. Altogether, the findings suggest that noninfectious VLPs can serve as a potentially safe and effective vaccine candidate against diverse subtypes of TBEV.Īberle, J.H., Aberle, S.W., Allison, S.L., Stiasny, K., Ecker, M., Mandl, C.W., Berger, R.,Heinz, F.X., 1999. Immunization with the VLP vaccine induced the production of multiple-cytokine-producing antiviral CD4+ T cells in vivo, including TNF-α+, IL-2+, and IFN-γ+ T cells. Furthermore, the group that received the VLP vaccine did not exhibit significant pathological changes and the inflammatory factors were significantly suppressed compared to the control group. The VLPs provided protection to mice lacking the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) against lethal TBEV challenge, with undetectable viral load in brain and intestinal tissues. These findings indicated that the VLP-based vaccine elicited the production of cross-subtype reactive antibodies. The efficacy of the VLPs was subsequently evaluated in C57BL/6 mice, and the resultant IgG serum could neutralize both Far-Eastern and European subtypes of TBEV. The present study describes a novel strategy for the assembly of virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expressing the structural (core/prM/E) and non-structural (NS2B/NS3Pro) proteins of TBEV. The coverage and immunogenicity of the currently available vaccines against TBEV are relatively low therefore, it is crucial to develop novel and effective vaccines against TBEV. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important tick-borne pathogen that poses as a serious public health concern.
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